US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 5, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 5, 2026.
The global human rights system is in peril. Under relentless pressure from US President Donald Trump, and persistently undermined by China and Russia, the rules-based international order is being crushed, threatening to take with it the architecture human rights defenders have come to rely on to advance norms and protect freedoms. To defy this trend, governments that still value human rights, alongside social movements, civil society, and international institutions, need to form a strategic alliance to push back.
To be fair, the downward spiral predated Trump’s reelection. The democratic wave that began over 50 years ago has given way to what scholars term a “democratic recession.” Democracy is now back to 1985 levels according to some metrics, with 72 percent of the world’s population now living under autocracy. Russia and China are less free today than 20 years ago. And so is the United States.
Of course, democracy is not a panacea for human rights violations; the US and other longtime democracies have their own histories of colonial crimes, racism, abusive justice systems, and wartime atrocities. More recently, authoritarian leaders have exploited public mistrust and anger to win elections and then dismantled the very institutions that brought them to power. Democratic institutions are crucial to represent the will of the people and keep power in check. It’s no surprise that whenever democracy is undermined, rights are too, as evident in recent years in India, Türkiye, the Philippines, El Salvador, and Hungary.
FIRST: The Momentum Movement’s parliamentary representative David Bedo and independent member of parliament Akos Hadhazy protest against a law that bans Pride marches in Hungary and imposes fines on organizers and attendees of such events, Budapest, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Marton Monus/Reuters; SECOND: University students confront riot police in Istanbul’s Beşiktaş district following the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Ozan Köse/AFP via Getty Images
In this context, 2025 may be seen as a tipping point. In just 12 months, the Trump administration has carried out a broad assault on key pillars of US democracy and the global rules-based order, which the US, despite inconsistencies, was, with other states, instrumental in helping to establish.
In short order, Trump’s second-term administration has undermined trust in the sanctity of elections, reduced government accountability, gutted food assistance and healthcare subsidies, attacked judicial independence, defied court orders, rolled back women’s rights, obstructed access to abortion care, undermined remedies for racial harm, terminated programs mandating accessibility for people with disabilities, punished free speech, stripped protections from trans and intersex people, eroded privacy, and used government power to intimidate political opponents, the media, law firms, universities, civil society, and even comedians.
Claiming a risk of “civilizational erasure” in Europe and leaning on racist tropes to cast entire populations as unwelcome in the US, the Trump administration has embraced policies and rhetoric that align with white nationalist ideology. Immigrants and asylum seekers have been subjected to inhumane conditions and degrading treatment; 32 died in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody in 2025, and as of mid-January 2026, an additional 4 have died. Masked immigration enforcement agents have targeted people of color, using excessive force, terrorizing communities, wrongfully arresting scores of citizens, and, most recently, unjustifiably killing two people in Minneapolis, whose deaths Human Rights Watch has documented.
The US president of course has the authority to tighten US borders and enforce stricter immigration policies. The administration is not, however, entitled to deny legal process to asylum seekers, mistreat undocumented migrants, or unlawfully discriminate. In a well-functioning democracy, no electoral mandate should supersede domestic legislation, constitutional protections, or international human rights law. Trump’s team has repeatedly bypassed these guardrails.
The violations have not stopped at the border. The Trump administration used a 1798 law to send hundreds of Venezuelan migrants to an infamous prison in El Salvador, where they were tortured and sexually abused. Its blatantly unlawful strikes on boats in the Caribbean and the Pacific extrajudicially killed more than 120 people whom Trump claims were drug traffickers.
US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 5, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 5, 2026.
After the US attacked Venezuela and apprehended its president, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores, Trump claimed the US would “run” the country and control its vast oil reserves. Despite paying lip service to human rights concerns under Maduro at the United Nations, Trump has worked with the same repressive apparatus to further US interests. Many Western allies have chosen to stay silent about these lawless moves, perhaps fearing erratic tariffs and blowback to their alliances.
Trump’s foreign policy has upended the foundations of the rules-based order that seeks to advance democracy and human rights, even if imperfectly.
Trump has boasted that he doesn’t “need international law” as a constraint, only his “own morality.” His administration has politicized the US State Department’s annual human rights report, stepped away from the global prohibition on antipersonnel landmines, voiced support for rewriting international rules on asylum, and skipped the UN’s Universal Periodic Review of the US’ human rights record.
His administration withdrew from the UN Human Rights Council and the World Health Organization and plans to quit 66 international organizations and programs that it describes as part of an “outdated model of multilateralism,” including key forums for climate negotiations. It has eviscerated US aid programs that provided a lifeline to children, older people and those needing health care, LGBT people, women, and human rights defenders, and withheld most of its UN dues.
Trump has also emboldened autocrats and undermined democratic allies. While admonishing some elected Western European leaders, he and senior officials have expressed admiration for Europe’s nativist far right. He has favored autocrats such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, while continuing decades of US support to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.
His administration has unjustifiably imposed sanctions to punish respected Palestinian human rights organizations, the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) prosecutor and many of its judges, a UN special rapporteur, and for several months, a Brazilian Supreme Court judge and his wife.
The institutional response in the US to Trump’s power grabs has been shockingly muted. Much of Congress, controlled by his own party, has not challenged his supercharged expansion of executive power. The leaders of the US’ most powerful technology companies have made significant donations and sought to placate the president. Some big law firms and prestigious universities have made deals rather than assert their independence, and some media organizations seem afraid to attract the president’s ire.
Has the US switched sides on the human rights playing field? While US engagement with human rights institutions has always been selective, China and Russia have long pursued an illiberal agenda. They stand much to gain from a US government that now expresses open hostility to universal rights. China and Russia remain strategic rivals of the US, but all three countries are now led by leaders who share open disdain for norms and institutions that could constrain their power.
Police detain an activist outside the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, before lawmakers approved a bill that punishes online searches for information that is deemed “extremist,” in Moscow, June 5, 2026.
Together, they wield considerable economic, military, and diplomatic power. If they were to consistently act as allies of convenience to erode global rules, they could threaten the entire system. Already, a loose international network of countries such as North Korea, Iran, Venezuela, Myanmar, Cuba, and Belarus work in concert with Russia and China. These leaders share very little ideologically but align in undermining human rights and promoting a regressive international agenda. In word and in practice, the US government is now helping them in this endeavor.
FIRST: Surveillance cameras installed in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Kyodo News via Getty Images; SECOND: A television in a restaurant in Hong Kong shows a missile being launched during military exercises being held by China around the island of Taiwan, June 5, 2026. © 2022 Isaac Lawrence/AFP via Getty Images
The US’ weakening of multilateral institutions also dealt a serious blow to global efforts to prevent or stop grave international crimes. The “never again” movement, born from the horrors of the Holocaust and reignited by the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, spurred the UN General Assembly to embrace the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in 2005. Meant to guide international intervention to prevent and stop atrocities in tandem with efforts to prosecute and punish serious crimes, R2P made a real difference in places like the Central African Republic and Kenya.
Today, R2P is rarely invoked and the ICC is under siege. In addition to Trump’s far-reaching sanctions, in December 2025 a Moscow court sentenced the ICC prosecutor and eight of its judges to prison terms in absentia. Moreover, despite being ICC fugitives, in 2025, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin was welcomed by Donald Trump in Alaska, and Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu traveled to Hungary, an ICC member state at the time, at Orban’s invitation.
Twenty years ago, the US government and civil society were instrumental in galvanizing a response to mass atrocities in Darfur. Sudan is burning again, but this time under Trump, with relative impunity. Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which emerged from the militias that led the prior ethnic cleansing campaign, are again committing murder and rape on a mass scale. A growing body of evidence indicates that the UAE, a longtime US ally that recently made multi-billion-dollar deals with Trump, is providing the RSF with military support.
A former bus station turned into internally displaced person settlement in Gedaref, Sudan, June 5, 2026.
In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Israeli armed forces have committed acts of genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, killing over 70,000 people since the October 2023 Hamas-led attacks on Israel and displacing the vast majority of Gaza’s population. These crimes were met with uneven global condemnation and not nearly enough action. Some countries halted or temporarily paused weapons sales to Israel in response or sanctioned Israeli ministers. Trump, however, continued a long-standing US policy of almost unconditional support to Israel, even as the International Court of Justice is weighing allegations of genocide and has issued binding orders under the Genocide Convention to protect Palestinians’ rights.
Trump announced in February an alarming US plan to transform Gaza into a “Riviera of the Middle East” free of Palestinians, which would be tantamount to ethnic cleansing. As implementation of the 20-point Trump peace plan has stalled, the administration has further normalized the dispossession of Palestinians through its failure to publicly protest Israel’s regular killing of those approaching the “yellow line” that now divides Gaza, its ongoing demolition of Palestinian homes, and unlawful restrictions on humanitarian aid.
FIRST: A Palestinian girl stands amidst rubble in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Bashar Taleb/AFP via Getty Images; SECOND: Palestinians inspect a house demolished by Israeli military forces in the town of Qabatiya in the Israeli occupied West Bank, June 5, 2026. © 2025 Nasser Ishtayeh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
In Ukraine, Trump’s peace efforts have consistently downplayed Russia’s responsibility for serious violations. These include indiscriminate bombing, coercing Ukrainians in occupied areas to serve in the Russian military, systematic torture of Ukrainian prisoners of war, the abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia, and the use of quadcopter drones to hunt and kill civilians. Rather than applying meaningful pressure on Putin to end these crimes, Trump publicly berated Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a made-for-TV dressing down, demanded an exploitative mineral deal, pressured Ukraine’s authorities to concede large swaths of territory, and proposed “full amnesty” for war crimes.
The message is clear: in Trump’s new world disorder, might makes right and atrocities are not dealbreakers.
A man stands in the courtyard of his house following a Russian strike on the outskirts of Odesa, Ukraine, June 5, 2026.
게토 스구루 켄자쿠, 후시구로 메구미 료멘스쿠나와 히미 시오리 우라우메를 제외한 플레이어가 전부 죽으면 사멸회유는 종료된다. 주술회전 켄자쿠가 소름 돋게 치밀한 이유. 하지만 적어도 지금까지는, 싸움에 참여한 모든 사람들이 그. 텐겐에 의한 인류와의 초중복 동화의 발동권은 후시구로 메구미 료멘스쿠나가 갖는 것으로 한다.
| 다 필요없고 옷코츠한테 목 썰리고 머리 뚫렸잖아. | 켄자쿠게토가 죽으면 저주들이 다 풀릴까. | 학대당하다가 게토한테 구해졌는데, 켄자쿠가 게토 몸 가져가고, 스쿠나한테 켄자쿠를 죽여달라고 말하니 스쿠나가 불쾌하다며 죽임. |
|---|---|---|
| 질의응답에서 작가는 마히토와 죠고는 켄자쿠가 주령조술의 지배하에 두는 것이 일대일로 붙는다면 불가능하진 않지만 꽤 힘들다고 언급했으며 죠고의 강함은 켄자쿠 피셜 넉넉하게 잡아 스쿠나의 손가락 89개 정도라고 한다. | 그러고 나서 그의 얼굴이 긴장하는 것처럼 보이는데, read more. | 고죠의 죽음에 따른 새로운 저주 등장 2. |
| 주술회전 jujutsukaisen 呪術廻戦 게토스구루. | 켄자쿠는 악역이라는 점에서 과거사가 풀리는것을 기대하는 팬들이 많았지만 켄자쿠의 완전 사망으로 인해 떡밥이 안풀릴 가능성이 있다. | Profile_image 햄즈 ip보기클릭112. |
| Profile_image 햄즈 ip보기클릭112. | 주령을 흡수하고 조종하는 능력은 다른 주술사들과 차별화. | Com › 주술회전269화켄자쿠주술회전 269화, 켄자쿠 사망 논란 해명. |
| 하지만 성장체와 텐겐의 동화 read more. | 하지만 적어도 지금까지는, 싸움에 참여한 모든 사람들이 그. | 대신, 그들은 여러 가지 대비책을 세웠습니다. |
후반부 료멘스쿠나 강림 원작 112화119화, 애니메이션 39화41화 3, 서전 고죠 사토루의 봉인 원작 83화91화, 애니메이션 31화33화 3. 저 시점에서 저주들이 풀려나지 않았다면, 켄자쿠가 게토의 몸과 함께 죽으면 아마 괜찮을 거야.
많은 사람들이 너무 허무하고 급하게 끝났다고 말했지.. 중반부 주술사 측 참전, 후시구로 토우지 강령 원작 92화111화, 애니메이션 34화39화 3..
최종보스 후보 중 하나가 개그배틀하다가 뒤통수 맞고 퇴장, 주요 특징 살펴보기켄자쿠는 주술회전 세계관에서 최악의 주술사 중 한 명으로 손꼽히는 인물입니다. Com › @air_is_overated › videojuice_ wrld_ 999 @air_is_overated’s videos with original, Jujutsu kaisen의 마법사들은 악당과 정면으로 맞서지 않았습니다. 처음 육안의 술사가 켄자쿠를 쓰러뜨리자, 켄자쿠는 두번째에는 육안을 타고난 아기든 성장체가 될 아기든 생후 1개월 내에 찾아내 죽였다.
내 생각엔, 켄자쿠가 스쿠나랑 싸우는 동안 동시에 켄자쿠랑 싸우는 별도의 팀이 있었어야 했는데, 너희는 어떻게 처리할 거야, 주술회전 240화 내용 리뷰 드디어 본격적으로 시작되는 타카바와 켄자쿠의 싸움. 타카바 후미히코의 상상만으로 고죠 사토루가 살아나는 것도 개그일 것 같긴 하네요. 학대당하다가 게토한테 구해졌는데, 켄자쿠가 게토 몸 가져가고, 스쿠나한테 켄자쿠를 죽여달라고 말하니 스쿠나가 불쾌하다며 죽임, 안녕하세요 sanji상디입니다주술회전 243화에서 충격적인 전개가 나왔습니다최종보스 켄쟈쿠 과연 그는 죽었을까요, 켄자쿠게토가 죽으면 저주들이 다 풀릴까.
처음 육안의 술사가 켄자쿠를 쓰러뜨리자, 켄자쿠는 두번째에는 육안을 타고난 아기든 성장체가 될 아기든 생후 1개월 내에 찾아내 죽였다, 게토 스구루 켄자쿠, 후시구로 메구미 료멘스쿠나와 히미 시오리 우라우메를 제외한 플레이어가 전부 죽으면 사멸회유는 종료된다. 켄자쿠의 죽음을 어떻게 다시 쓸 거야. 전야제 메카마루의 죽음 원작 79화82화, 애니메이션 3031화 3, 최종보스 후보 중 하나가 개그배틀하다가 뒤통수 맞고 퇴장, 또한 군을 밤에 활동시킨 이유도 주력과 연이 없는 외국인도 미약하지만 뇌가 변이할 정도의 부하가 죽음에는 존재하고 비술사가 아무리 발버둥쳐도 이길 수 없는.
옷코츠가 죽인 켄자쿠는 개그맨이 묶어두고 있던 놈이라 100% 본인이고, 술식이고 반전이고 뇌 뚫리면 사망이잖아. 그의 가장 큰 특징은 주령조술을 자유자재로 사용한다는 점입니다, 질의응답에서 작가는 마히토와 죠고는 켄자쿠가 주령조술의 지배하에 두는 것이 일대일로 붙는다면 불가능하진 않지만 꽤 힘들다고 언급했으며 죠고의 강함은 켄자쿠 피셜 넉넉하게 잡아 스쿠나의 손가락 89개 정도라고 한다, 대신, 그들은 여러 가지 대비책을 세웠습니다. 플레이어는 술식의 각성 후 19일 이내에 임의의 결계 사멸회유 장소에 참가 선언을 해야.
발렌치나 추출 전야제 메카마루의 죽음 원작 79화82화, 애니메이션 3031화 3. Com › mgallery › board왜 죽은 켄자쿠 말이 자꾸 나오지. 처음 육안의 술사가 켄자쿠를 쓰러뜨리자, 켄자쿠는 두번째에는 육안을 타고난 아기든 성장체가 될 아기든 생후 1개월 내에 찾아내 죽였다. 켄자쿠 원래 목표가 심심하니까 미친 세상 만드는거 아니였어. 그러고 나서 그의 얼굴이 긴장하는 것처럼 보이는데, read more. 백설 양 쌍베
박지 화보 보는 곳 디시 플레이어는 술식의 각성 후 19일 이내에 임의의 결계 사멸회유 장소에 참가 선언을 해야. 주술회전 jujutsukaisen 呪術廻戦 게토스구루. 켄자쿠 원래 목표가 심심하니까 미친 세상 만드는거 아니였어. 243에서 켄자쿠가 머리가 잘리고 그의 의지가 이어지거나 계속될 것이라고 말하는 장면을 봅니다. 게토 스구루 켄자쿠, 후시구로 메구미 료멘스쿠나와 히미 시오리 우라우메를 제외한 플레이어가 전부 죽으면 사멸회유는 종료된다. 배이 남친
발레녀 태인 서전 고죠 사토루의 봉인 원작 83화91화, 애니메이션 31화33화 3. 고죠의 죽음에 따른 새로운 저주 등장 2. 켄자쿠 원래 목표가 심심하니까 미친 세상 만드는거 아니였어. 주술회전 켄자쿠 언제 죽나요 네이버 지식in. 하지만 적어도 지금까지는, 싸움에 참여한 모든 사람들이 그. 밍디
박정민 회사 디시 최종보스 후보 중 하나가 개그배틀하다가 뒤통수 맞고 퇴장. 243에서 켄자쿠가 머리가 잘리고 그의 의지가 이어지거나 계속될 것이라고 말하는 장면을 봅니다. Floating live rock in the tankmatez self cleaning aquarium tankmatez3dprintrox reefaquariums reefaquarium corals reeftank 켄자쿠죽음해석photo745280776manchester uniteds top performance last seasonوأخيراً عشت هالأجواء🌨️ ️ موسكو روسيا سانت_بطرسبرغ اكسبلور. 켄자쿠는 악역이라는 점에서 과거사가 풀리는것을 기대하는 팬들이 많았지만 켄자쿠의 완전 사망으로 인해 떡밥이 안풀릴 가능성이 있다. 그리고 최근 주술회전 243화 만화에서 옷코츠 유타의 기습으로 사망해버린 켄자쿠 또한 주술고전측에 의해 사망을합니다.
발기찬 사정 다시보기 대신, 그들은 여러 가지 대비책을 세웠습니다. 켄자쿠 원래 목표가 심심하니까 미친 세상 만드는거 아니였어. 하지만 성장체와 텐겐의 동화 read more. 텐겐에 의한 인류와의 초중복 동화의 발동권은 후시구로 메구미 료멘스쿠나가 갖는 것으로 한다. Com › saontsdkss119 › 223590347794주술회전 270화 사멸회유 끝 켄자쿠 부활 네이버 블로그.
Security personnel stand guard during a curfew imposed after protesters clashed with security forces in Imphal, Manipur, India, on June 5, 2026.
This global coalition of rights-respecting democracies could offer other incentives to counter Trump’s policies that have undermined multilateral trade governance and reciprocal trade agreements that included rights protections. Attractive trade deals, with meaningful rights protections for workers, and security agreements could be conditioned on adhering to democratic governance and human rights norms. Democracy already comes with benefits. While autocracies have generally fostered conflict, economic stagnation, or kleptocracy, as evidenced in multiple academic studies, including the work of the Nobel Prize-winning economist Daron Acemoglu, democratic institutions reliably yield economic growth.
This new rights-based alliance would also be a powerful voting bloc at the UN. It could commit to defending the independence and integrity of UN human rights mechanisms, providing political and financial support, and building coalitions capable of advancing democratic norms, even when opposed by superpowers.
Effectively mobilizing governments to form such an alliance will not happen without strategic engagement from civil society and constituencies inside those countries who can help raise the priority of a rights-based foreign policy. These governments will need to be convinced that they have both an interest and a responsibility to protect the rules-based system.
Projects of this nature are bubbling up. Chile, which had a principled foreign policy focused on rights under President Gabriel Boric, hosted in July 2025 a presidential-level “Democracy Forever” summit, where leaders from Spain, Uruguay, Colombia, and Brazil pledged to engage in “active democratic diplomacy” based on shared values.
The Hague Group, led by Malaysia, South Africa, and Colombia, formed in January 2025 in “defense of international law” and in solidarity with Palestinians. Over 70 countries from all regions signed a joint statement defending multilateralism at the UN. Earlier, in 2017, former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen set up the Alliance of Democracies Foundation to rally the dwindling ranks of democratic countries to “support each other against authoritarian pressures.”
Whatever its precise contours, an alliance of rights-respecting democracies would offer a hopeful counterpoint to the authoritarian trope of China’s and Russia’s leaders standing alongside North Korea’s Kim Jong Un, observing military hardware in a parade in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in September. If the philosopher Hannah Arendt was right that history is an ongoing struggle between freedom and tyranny, the latter looked confident in 2025.
Yet, even in the worst of times, the idea of freedom and human rights is enduring. People power remains an engine for change. In the US, “No Kings” marches have drawn millions, protesters in Chicago, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, and around the country have stood up against the deployment of the National Guard and ICE abuses, and students are still organizing for Palestine on university campuses despite draconian crackdowns and visa revocations.
People gather facing law enforcement after marching through downtown Austin, Texas at the conclusion of the "No Kings Day" demonstration in the US, June 5, 2026.
Buoyed by popular resistance, South Korean parliamentarians impeached their president to prevent him from grabbing power through martial law. Grassroots aid efforts by Sudan’s emergency response rooms, Hong Kong’s fire relief, Sri Lanka’s cyclone relief community kitchens, and Ukrainian mutual aid and solidarity collectives represent the best of this trend.
In 2025, Gen Z protests against corruption, inadequate public services, and poor governance in Nepal, Indonesia, and Morocco brought to the forefront the need for governments to listen to their youth and tackle corruption and inequality. But as the difficulties of restoring rights in Bangladesh after years under an authoritarian government illustrates, gains won through public mobilization can easily be lost unless democratic participation and free expression remain unassailable.
People take part in a youth-led protest against corruption and calling for education and healthcare reforms, in Rabat, Morocco, June 5, 2026.
Demonstrators outside Nepal's Parliament during a protest in Kathmandu condemning social media prohibitions and corruption by the government, June 5, 2026.
In this more hostile world, civil society is more critical than ever. It’s also increasingly endangered, particularly in an environment where funding is scarce. In 2025, Human Rights Watch was labeled “undesirable” and banned from operating in Russia. For partners in Egypt, Hong Kong, and India, these tactics are all too familiar. Restrictions on civil society and protest have become more commonplace in Europe, including the UK and France. And now, for the first time, many worry about risks associated with their operational presence in the US, where the Open Society Foundations, a major donor, have already been threatened, and the administration is preparing a list of “domestic terrorists” under overbroad guidance that could be interpreted to include the work of many progressive groups.
Breaking the authoritarian wave and standing up for human rights is a generational challenge. In 2026, it will play out most acutely in the US, with far-reaching consequences for the rest of the world. Fighting back will require a determined, strategic, and coordinated reaction from voters, civil society, multilateral institutions, and rights-respecting governments around the globe.
Com › saontsdkss119 › 223590347794주술회전 270화 사멸회유 끝 켄자쿠 부활 네이버 블로그., Human Rights Watch’s 36th annual review of human rights practices and trends around the globe, reviews developments in more than 100 countries.