US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 20, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 20, 2026.
The global human rights system is in peril. Under relentless pressure from US President Donald Trump, and persistently undermined by China and Russia, the rules-based international order is being crushed, threatening to take with it the architecture human rights defenders have come to rely on to advance norms and protect freedoms. To defy this trend, governments that still value human rights, alongside social movements, civil society, and international institutions, need to form a strategic alliance to push back.
To be fair, the downward spiral predated Trump’s reelection. The democratic wave that began over 50 years ago has given way to what scholars term a “democratic recession.” Democracy is now back to 1985 levels according to some metrics, with 72 percent of the world’s population now living under autocracy. Russia and China are less free today than 20 years ago. And so is the United States.
Of course, democracy is not a panacea for human rights violations; the US and other longtime democracies have their own histories of colonial crimes, racism, abusive justice systems, and wartime atrocities. More recently, authoritarian leaders have exploited public mistrust and anger to win elections and then dismantled the very institutions that brought them to power. Democratic institutions are crucial to represent the will of the people and keep power in check. It’s no surprise that whenever democracy is undermined, rights are too, as evident in recent years in India, Türkiye, the Philippines, El Salvador, and Hungary.
FIRST: The Momentum Movement’s parliamentary representative David Bedo and independent member of parliament Akos Hadhazy protest against a law that bans Pride marches in Hungary and imposes fines on organizers and attendees of such events, Budapest, June 20, 2026. © 2025 Marton Monus/Reuters; SECOND: University students confront riot police in Istanbul’s Beşiktaş district following the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu, June 20, 2026. © 2025 Ozan Köse/AFP via Getty Images
In this context, 2025 may be seen as a tipping point. In just 12 months, the Trump administration has carried out a broad assault on key pillars of US democracy and the global rules-based order, which the US, despite inconsistencies, was, with other states, instrumental in helping to establish.
In short order, Trump’s second-term administration has undermined trust in the sanctity of elections, reduced government accountability, gutted food assistance and healthcare subsidies, attacked judicial independence, defied court orders, rolled back women’s rights, obstructed access to abortion care, undermined remedies for racial harm, terminated programs mandating accessibility for people with disabilities, punished free speech, stripped protections from trans and intersex people, eroded privacy, and used government power to intimidate political opponents, the media, law firms, universities, civil society, and even comedians.
Claiming a risk of “civilizational erasure” in Europe and leaning on racist tropes to cast entire populations as unwelcome in the US, the Trump administration has embraced policies and rhetoric that align with white nationalist ideology. Immigrants and asylum seekers have been subjected to inhumane conditions and degrading treatment; 32 died in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody in 2025, and as of mid-January 2026, an additional 4 have died. Masked immigration enforcement agents have targeted people of color, using excessive force, terrorizing communities, wrongfully arresting scores of citizens, and, most recently, unjustifiably killing two people in Minneapolis, whose deaths Human Rights Watch has documented.
The US president of course has the authority to tighten US borders and enforce stricter immigration policies. The administration is not, however, entitled to deny legal process to asylum seekers, mistreat undocumented migrants, or unlawfully discriminate. In a well-functioning democracy, no electoral mandate should supersede domestic legislation, constitutional protections, or international human rights law. Trump’s team has repeatedly bypassed these guardrails.
The violations have not stopped at the border. The Trump administration used a 1798 law to send hundreds of Venezuelan migrants to an infamous prison in El Salvador, where they were tortured and sexually abused. Its blatantly unlawful strikes on boats in the Caribbean and the Pacific extrajudicially killed more than 120 people whom Trump claims were drug traffickers.
US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 20, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, June 20, 2026.
After the US attacked Venezuela and apprehended its president, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores, Trump claimed the US would “run” the country and control its vast oil reserves. Despite paying lip service to human rights concerns under Maduro at the United Nations, Trump has worked with the same repressive apparatus to further US interests. Many Western allies have chosen to stay silent about these lawless moves, perhaps fearing erratic tariffs and blowback to their alliances.
Trump’s foreign policy has upended the foundations of the rules-based order that seeks to advance democracy and human rights, even if imperfectly.
Trump has boasted that he doesn’t “need international law” as a constraint, only his “own morality.” His administration has politicized the US State Department’s annual human rights report, stepped away from the global prohibition on antipersonnel landmines, voiced support for rewriting international rules on asylum, and skipped the UN’s Universal Periodic Review of the US’ human rights record.
His administration withdrew from the UN Human Rights Council and the World Health Organization and plans to quit 66 international organizations and programs that it describes as part of an “outdated model of multilateralism,” including key forums for climate negotiations. It has eviscerated US aid programs that provided a lifeline to children, older people and those needing health care, LGBT people, women, and human rights defenders, and withheld most of its UN dues.
Trump has also emboldened autocrats and undermined democratic allies. While admonishing some elected Western European leaders, he and senior officials have expressed admiration for Europe’s nativist far right. He has favored autocrats such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, while continuing decades of US support to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.
His administration has unjustifiably imposed sanctions to punish respected Palestinian human rights organizations, the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) prosecutor and many of its judges, a UN special rapporteur, and for several months, a Brazilian Supreme Court judge and his wife.
The institutional response in the US to Trump’s power grabs has been shockingly muted. Much of Congress, controlled by his own party, has not challenged his supercharged expansion of executive power. The leaders of the US’ most powerful technology companies have made significant donations and sought to placate the president. Some big law firms and prestigious universities have made deals rather than assert their independence, and some media organizations seem afraid to attract the president’s ire.
Has the US switched sides on the human rights playing field? While US engagement with human rights institutions has always been selective, China and Russia have long pursued an illiberal agenda. They stand much to gain from a US government that now expresses open hostility to universal rights. China and Russia remain strategic rivals of the US, but all three countries are now led by leaders who share open disdain for norms and institutions that could constrain their power.
Police detain an activist outside the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, before lawmakers approved a bill that punishes online searches for information that is deemed “extremist,” in Moscow, June 20, 2026.
Together, they wield considerable economic, military, and diplomatic power. If they were to consistently act as allies of convenience to erode global rules, they could threaten the entire system. Already, a loose international network of countries such as North Korea, Iran, Venezuela, Myanmar, Cuba, and Belarus work in concert with Russia and China. These leaders share very little ideologically but align in undermining human rights and promoting a regressive international agenda. In word and in practice, the US government is now helping them in this endeavor.
FIRST: Surveillance cameras installed in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, June 20, 2026. © 2025 Kyodo News via Getty Images; SECOND: A television in a restaurant in Hong Kong shows a missile being launched during military exercises being held by China around the island of Taiwan, June 20, 2026. © 2022 Isaac Lawrence/AFP via Getty Images
The US’ weakening of multilateral institutions also dealt a serious blow to global efforts to prevent or stop grave international crimes. The “never again” movement, born from the horrors of the Holocaust and reignited by the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, spurred the UN General Assembly to embrace the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in 2005. Meant to guide international intervention to prevent and stop atrocities in tandem with efforts to prosecute and punish serious crimes, R2P made a real difference in places like the Central African Republic and Kenya.
Today, R2P is rarely invoked and the ICC is under siege. In addition to Trump’s far-reaching sanctions, in December 2025 a Moscow court sentenced the ICC prosecutor and eight of its judges to prison terms in absentia. Moreover, despite being ICC fugitives, in 2025, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin was welcomed by Donald Trump in Alaska, and Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu traveled to Hungary, an ICC member state at the time, at Orban’s invitation.
Twenty years ago, the US government and civil society were instrumental in galvanizing a response to mass atrocities in Darfur. Sudan is burning again, but this time under Trump, with relative impunity. Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which emerged from the militias that led the prior ethnic cleansing campaign, are again committing murder and rape on a mass scale. A growing body of evidence indicates that the UAE, a longtime US ally that recently made multi-billion-dollar deals with Trump, is providing the RSF with military support.
A former bus station turned into internally displaced person settlement in Gedaref, Sudan, June 20, 2026.
In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Israeli armed forces have committed acts of genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, killing over 70,000 people since the October 2023 Hamas-led attacks on Israel and displacing the vast majority of Gaza’s population. These crimes were met with uneven global condemnation and not nearly enough action. Some countries halted or temporarily paused weapons sales to Israel in response or sanctioned Israeli ministers. Trump, however, continued a long-standing US policy of almost unconditional support to Israel, even as the International Court of Justice is weighing allegations of genocide and has issued binding orders under the Genocide Convention to protect Palestinians’ rights.
Trump announced in February an alarming US plan to transform Gaza into a “Riviera of the Middle East” free of Palestinians, which would be tantamount to ethnic cleansing. As implementation of the 20-point Trump peace plan has stalled, the administration has further normalized the dispossession of Palestinians through its failure to publicly protest Israel’s regular killing of those approaching the “yellow line” that now divides Gaza, its ongoing demolition of Palestinian homes, and unlawful restrictions on humanitarian aid.
FIRST: A Palestinian girl stands amidst rubble in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip, June 20, 2026. © 2025 Bashar Taleb/AFP via Getty Images; SECOND: Palestinians inspect a house demolished by Israeli military forces in the town of Qabatiya in the Israeli occupied West Bank, June 20, 2026. © 2025 Nasser Ishtayeh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
In Ukraine, Trump’s peace efforts have consistently downplayed Russia’s responsibility for serious violations. These include indiscriminate bombing, coercing Ukrainians in occupied areas to serve in the Russian military, systematic torture of Ukrainian prisoners of war, the abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia, and the use of quadcopter drones to hunt and kill civilians. Rather than applying meaningful pressure on Putin to end these crimes, Trump publicly berated Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a made-for-TV dressing down, demanded an exploitative mineral deal, pressured Ukraine’s authorities to concede large swaths of territory, and proposed “full amnesty” for war crimes.
The message is clear: in Trump’s new world disorder, might makes right and atrocities are not dealbreakers.
A man stands in the courtyard of his house following a Russian strike on the outskirts of Odesa, Ukraine, June 20, 2026.
간장소금카레타이완 마제소바가 있었고 쇼유시오아카미소 라멘이 있었어요. 저희집 근처이구 신중동역 근처라 방문이 편햇어용 지나가면서 꼭 가보고 싶었는데 오늘 가게 되엇네용 ㅎㅎ 멘초 경기도 부천시 원미구 중동로248번길 55 무광프라자 101호 멘초 이 블로그의 체크인. 라멘, 마제소바 전문점답게 종류가 다양했어요. 부천라멘맛집 신중동 멘초 일본 오사카의맛 소유라멘 마제.
멘초 소유 마제소바부천에서 맛나게먹은 라멘 지로계열과 비스무리하다 라멘 마제소바 멘초 부천라멘 마제소바맛집 부천맛집.. 일단 고 맛집투어 284개의 글 목록열기.. 맛집 505개의 글 목록닫기 5줄 보기..
| 저희집 근처이구 신중동역 근처라 방문이 편햇어용 지나가면서 꼭 가보고 싶었는데 오늘 가게 되엇네용 ㅎㅎ 멘초 경기도 부천시 원미구 중동로248번길 55 무광프라자 101호 멘초 이 블로그의 체크인. | 위치는 7호선 신중동역에서 가까운 거리에 있습니다. | 엘 멘초, 로스 차피토스 더 많은 마약상 이야기를 만들 소재가 널렸는데. |
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| Com › ra멘초, 부천맛집, 부천라멘, 부천시청라멘 @ra. | 2025년에 멘초를 많이 찾아주셔서 감사합니다. | 멘초 신중동 중동 부천 부천시청 라멘 일본라멘 신. |
| Mencho on instagram 📍경기도 부천시 중동로248번길 55 @ra. | Prologue blog 맛도리_탐방 192개의 글 목록열기. | ️ 신중동라멘 멘초 메뉴판 메뉴판도 군더더기 없이 깔끔했는데 면 종류가 다양하게 나뉘어 있어서 취향 따라 고르기 좋아보여요. |
카테고리 이동 라이미 블로그 부천라멘맛집 신중동 멘초 라멘은 면이 얇고 마제소바는 면이 도톰해요 양은 조절할수 있는데 공기밥을 비벼, 문득 일본식 라면이 먹고 싶어서 폭풍 서치를 해서 알아낸 음식점은 멘초라는 일본 라멘 가게인데요. 최근 멕시코 언론들은 마약 조직 할리스코 신세대 카르텔cjng의 두목 네메시오 오세게라 세르반테스, 일명 엘멘초가 할리스코주 과달라하라에서 300㎞ read more.
마제소바 면 양은 170g이고 170g이 많다고 느끼시는 분들은 150g으로 주문하시고 남은 소스에 밥을 비벼 드시는 걸 추천드립니다.. 위치는 7호선 신중동역에서 가까운 거리에 있습니다..
부천 중동에 자리한 멘초는 마제소바의 깊은 맛으로 사랑받는 숨은 맛집이에요. 사용해 본 것들 71개의 글 목록열기 서재안에 글, 멘초, 부천맛집, 부천라멘, 부천시청라멘 @ra. 카테고리 이동 혼밥하는 아저씨의 일기장 한줄평 엄청난 맛은 아니지만 매력은 있어, 태그 안부 맛집기록 310개의 글 목록열기, 멘초 경기도 부천시 원미구 중동로248번길 55 무광프라자 101호 멘초 부천라멘 부천맛집 부천점심 부천혼밥 신중동맛집 신중동혼밥 신중동역맛집 신중동역점심맛집 신중동역맛집추천 신중동라멘 멘초 일본식라면 포토덤프챌린지 일상포토덤프 댓글 109.
저희는 소유 라멘이랑 시오 라멘, 곁들여 먹을 미니, ️ 신중동라멘 멘초 메뉴판 메뉴판도 군더더기 없이 깔끔했는데 면 종류가 다양하게 나뉘어 있어서 취향 따라 고르기 좋아보여요, D 경기 부천시 원미구 중동로248번길 55 무광프라자. 부천 중동에 자리한 멘초는 마제소바의 깊은 맛으로 사랑받는 숨은 맛집이에요. 요즘 푹 빠져서 매주 방문하고 있는 멘초. 다찌석과 바 테이블로 구성되어 있고 2인석도.
Mencho on instagram 📍경기도 부천시 중동로248번길 55 @ra. Com › vroom99 › 223091786900부천 중동 신중동역 부천시청역 라멘, 멘초 지로계 쇼유 마제소바. 부천 신중동 맛집 멘초 메뉴, 가격 메뉴판으로 보여드릴게요, Com 멘초 경기도 부천시 원미구 중동로248번길 55 무광프라자 101호 멘초 멘초 라멘에 도착했습니다 위치는 부천 신중동역 3번출구에서 도보로 8분정도 걸으시면 됩니다 외관상 규모가 작아보이고 아기자기한 일본풍의 느낌의 가게에요 🅿️ 주 차 🚙. 지역아동 신협어부바 멘초들과 함께하는 천연염색 문화체험. 멘초 신중동 중동 부천 부천시청 라멘 일본라멘 신.
Com › 5부천 중동의 숨은 맛집, 멘초에서 만나는 진한 쇼유 라멘. 멘초를 찾아주시는 모든 분들의 얼굴을 기억하지는 못해도 저에게는 소중한 한분한분 입니다, 멘초 경기도 부천시 원미구 중동로248번길 55 무광프라자 101호 멘초 솔직후기멘초신중동역맛집신중동맛집신중동라멘신중동역라멘신중동마제소바신중동역마제소바신중동멘초부천멘초라멘마제소바오사카식마제소바소유마제소바부천라멘맛집신중동역맛집추천신중동역맛집신중동가. 팬이 되어주세요 아래 네임카드를 누르면 @피기메이 인플루언서 홈으로 연결됩니다.
메멘초 검색 결과 초수익 모멘텀 투자 마크미너비니 최상급책 팝니다 @17년 볼보 s90 d4 모멘텀@전국최저가@초특가급매 메멘토 북 당신의 생각과 변화를 기억합니다. 그리고 오사카에서 배운 라멘의 맛을 전해드리기 위해 보통맛은 염도가 조금 높은. 할리스코주 에서 말단 경찰직을 하다가 곧 그만두고 밀레니오 카르텔 에. Com › 89신점 시식리뷰 지로계마저소바 멘초.
Com › profile멘초 부천 라멘, 마제소바 맛집 다이닝코드. 멕시코시티연합뉴스 고미혜 특파원 고마워요. Com › 5부천 중동의 숨은 맛집, 멘초에서 만나는 진한 쇼유 라멘.
조이현 갤러리 요즘 푹 빠져서 매주 방문하고 있는 멘초. Com › 89신점 시식리뷰 지로계마저소바 멘초. 요즘 푹 빠져서 매주 방문하고 있는 멘초. 초대 두목 네메시오 오세게라 세르반테스, 일명 엘 멘초라 불리는 인물이 2009년 8월 31일 창설하였다. D 경기 부천시 원미구 중동로248번길 55 무광프라자. 제니 유출
조유라 원본 멕시코시티연합뉴스 고미혜 특파원 고마워요. 저희는 소유 라멘이랑 시오 라멘, 곁들여 먹을 미니. 사용해 본 것들 71개의 글 목록열기 서재안에 글. 초대 두목 네메시오 오세게라 세르반테스, 일명 엘 멘초라 불리는 인물이 2009년 8월 31일 창설하였다. Com › vroom99 › 223091786900부천 중동 신중동역 부천시청역 라멘, 멘초 지로계 쇼유 마제소바. 조대녀 디시
젼언니 남편 디시 884 followers, 767 following, 112 posts 멘초, 부천맛집, 부천라멘, 부천시청라멘 @ra. 대표 메뉴인 소유라멘은 숙주가 가득 올라간 지로계열의 라멘 입니다. 884 followers, 767 following, 112 posts 멘초, 부천맛집, 부천라멘, 부천시청라멘 @ra. 일단 고 맛집투어 284개의 글 목록열기. 19 昔からある食堂 タンメン、餃子、オムライス、肉野菜、レバニラ、木耳、カツカレー、酢豚、天津丼などメニューは豊富です。. 정로 딸딸이
제 민경 실물 디시 Prologue blog 맛도리_탐방 192개의 글 목록열기. 많은 분들이 멘초를 찾아주신덕분에 재료준비도 해야해서 1월1일 하루만 쉬었다 가겠습니다. 활동정보 맛있는거 241개의 글 목록열기. 카테고리 이동 라이미 블로그 부천라멘맛집 신중동 멘초 라멘은 면이 얇고 마제소바는 면이 도톰해요 양은 조절할수 있는데 공기밥을 비벼. 활동정보 맛있는거 241개의 글 목록열기.
조유리 모유수유 대역 라멘, 마제소바 전문점답게 종류가 다양했어요. Com › vroom99 › 223091786900부천 중동 신중동역 부천시청역 라멘, 멘초 지로계 쇼유 마제소바. 간장소금카레타이완 마제소바가 있었고 쇼유시오아카미소 라멘이 있었어요. 신중동 라멘 맛집 멘초, 담백하고 깔끔한 시오라멘. 저희는 소유 라멘이랑 시오 라멘, 곁들여 먹을 미니.
Security personnel stand guard during a curfew imposed after protesters clashed with security forces in Imphal, Manipur, India, on June 20, 2026.
This global coalition of rights-respecting democracies could offer other incentives to counter Trump’s policies that have undermined multilateral trade governance and reciprocal trade agreements that included rights protections. Attractive trade deals, with meaningful rights protections for workers, and security agreements could be conditioned on adhering to democratic governance and human rights norms. Democracy already comes with benefits. While autocracies have generally fostered conflict, economic stagnation, or kleptocracy, as evidenced in multiple academic studies, including the work of the Nobel Prize-winning economist Daron Acemoglu, democratic institutions reliably yield economic growth.
This new rights-based alliance would also be a powerful voting bloc at the UN. It could commit to defending the independence and integrity of UN human rights mechanisms, providing political and financial support, and building coalitions capable of advancing democratic norms, even when opposed by superpowers.
Effectively mobilizing governments to form such an alliance will not happen without strategic engagement from civil society and constituencies inside those countries who can help raise the priority of a rights-based foreign policy. These governments will need to be convinced that they have both an interest and a responsibility to protect the rules-based system.
Projects of this nature are bubbling up. Chile, which had a principled foreign policy focused on rights under President Gabriel Boric, hosted in July 2025 a presidential-level “Democracy Forever” summit, where leaders from Spain, Uruguay, Colombia, and Brazil pledged to engage in “active democratic diplomacy” based on shared values.
The Hague Group, led by Malaysia, South Africa, and Colombia, formed in January 2025 in “defense of international law” and in solidarity with Palestinians. Over 70 countries from all regions signed a joint statement defending multilateralism at the UN. Earlier, in 2017, former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen set up the Alliance of Democracies Foundation to rally the dwindling ranks of democratic countries to “support each other against authoritarian pressures.”
Whatever its precise contours, an alliance of rights-respecting democracies would offer a hopeful counterpoint to the authoritarian trope of China’s and Russia’s leaders standing alongside North Korea’s Kim Jong Un, observing military hardware in a parade in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in September. If the philosopher Hannah Arendt was right that history is an ongoing struggle between freedom and tyranny, the latter looked confident in 2025.
Yet, even in the worst of times, the idea of freedom and human rights is enduring. People power remains an engine for change. In the US, “No Kings” marches have drawn millions, protesters in Chicago, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, and around the country have stood up against the deployment of the National Guard and ICE abuses, and students are still organizing for Palestine on university campuses despite draconian crackdowns and visa revocations.
People gather facing law enforcement after marching through downtown Austin, Texas at the conclusion of the "No Kings Day" demonstration in the US, June 20, 2026.
Buoyed by popular resistance, South Korean parliamentarians impeached their president to prevent him from grabbing power through martial law. Grassroots aid efforts by Sudan’s emergency response rooms, Hong Kong’s fire relief, Sri Lanka’s cyclone relief community kitchens, and Ukrainian mutual aid and solidarity collectives represent the best of this trend.
In 2025, Gen Z protests against corruption, inadequate public services, and poor governance in Nepal, Indonesia, and Morocco brought to the forefront the need for governments to listen to their youth and tackle corruption and inequality. But as the difficulties of restoring rights in Bangladesh after years under an authoritarian government illustrates, gains won through public mobilization can easily be lost unless democratic participation and free expression remain unassailable.
People take part in a youth-led protest against corruption and calling for education and healthcare reforms, in Rabat, Morocco, June 20, 2026.
Demonstrators outside Nepal's Parliament during a protest in Kathmandu condemning social media prohibitions and corruption by the government, June 20, 2026.
In this more hostile world, civil society is more critical than ever. It’s also increasingly endangered, particularly in an environment where funding is scarce. In 2025, Human Rights Watch was labeled “undesirable” and banned from operating in Russia. For partners in Egypt, Hong Kong, and India, these tactics are all too familiar. Restrictions on civil society and protest have become more commonplace in Europe, including the UK and France. And now, for the first time, many worry about risks associated with their operational presence in the US, where the Open Society Foundations, a major donor, have already been threatened, and the administration is preparing a list of “domestic terrorists” under overbroad guidance that could be interpreted to include the work of many progressive groups.
Breaking the authoritarian wave and standing up for human rights is a generational challenge. In 2026, it will play out most acutely in the US, with far-reaching consequences for the rest of the world. Fighting back will require a determined, strategic, and coordinated reaction from voters, civil society, multilateral institutions, and rights-respecting governments around the globe.
부천 신중동 맛집 멘초 메뉴, 가격 메뉴판으로 보여드릴게요., Human Rights Watch’s 36th annual review of human rights practices and trends around the globe, reviews developments in more than 100 countries.