US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, August 16, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, August 16, 2026.
The global human rights system is in peril. Under relentless pressure from US President Donald Trump, and persistently undermined by China and Russia, the rules-based international order is being crushed, threatening to take with it the architecture human rights defenders have come to rely on to advance norms and protect freedoms. To defy this trend, governments that still value human rights, alongside social movements, civil society, and international institutions, need to form a strategic alliance to push back.
To be fair, the downward spiral predated Trump’s reelection. The democratic wave that began over 50 years ago has given way to what scholars term a “democratic recession.” Democracy is now back to 1985 levels according to some metrics, with 72 percent of the world’s population now living under autocracy. Russia and China are less free today than 20 years ago. And so is the United States.
Of course, democracy is not a panacea for human rights violations; the US and other longtime democracies have their own histories of colonial crimes, racism, abusive justice systems, and wartime atrocities. More recently, authoritarian leaders have exploited public mistrust and anger to win elections and then dismantled the very institutions that brought them to power. Democratic institutions are crucial to represent the will of the people and keep power in check. It’s no surprise that whenever democracy is undermined, rights are too, as evident in recent years in India, Türkiye, the Philippines, El Salvador, and Hungary.
FIRST: The Momentum Movement’s parliamentary representative David Bedo and independent member of parliament Akos Hadhazy protest against a law that bans Pride marches in Hungary and imposes fines on organizers and attendees of such events, Budapest, August 16, 2026. © 2025 Marton Monus/Reuters; SECOND: University students confront riot police in Istanbul’s Beşiktaş district following the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu, August 16, 2026. © 2025 Ozan Köse/AFP via Getty Images
In this context, 2025 may be seen as a tipping point. In just 12 months, the Trump administration has carried out a broad assault on key pillars of US democracy and the global rules-based order, which the US, despite inconsistencies, was, with other states, instrumental in helping to establish.
In short order, Trump’s second-term administration has undermined trust in the sanctity of elections, reduced government accountability, gutted food assistance and healthcare subsidies, attacked judicial independence, defied court orders, rolled back women’s rights, obstructed access to abortion care, undermined remedies for racial harm, terminated programs mandating accessibility for people with disabilities, punished free speech, stripped protections from trans and intersex people, eroded privacy, and used government power to intimidate political opponents, the media, law firms, universities, civil society, and even comedians.
Claiming a risk of “civilizational erasure” in Europe and leaning on racist tropes to cast entire populations as unwelcome in the US, the Trump administration has embraced policies and rhetoric that align with white nationalist ideology. Immigrants and asylum seekers have been subjected to inhumane conditions and degrading treatment; 32 died in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody in 2025, and as of mid-January 2026, an additional 4 have died. Masked immigration enforcement agents have targeted people of color, using excessive force, terrorizing communities, wrongfully arresting scores of citizens, and, most recently, unjustifiably killing two people in Minneapolis, whose deaths Human Rights Watch has documented.
The US president of course has the authority to tighten US borders and enforce stricter immigration policies. The administration is not, however, entitled to deny legal process to asylum seekers, mistreat undocumented migrants, or unlawfully discriminate. In a well-functioning democracy, no electoral mandate should supersede domestic legislation, constitutional protections, or international human rights law. Trump’s team has repeatedly bypassed these guardrails.
The violations have not stopped at the border. The Trump administration used a 1798 law to send hundreds of Venezuelan migrants to an infamous prison in El Salvador, where they were tortured and sexually abused. Its blatantly unlawful strikes on boats in the Caribbean and the Pacific extrajudicially killed more than 120 people whom Trump claims were drug traffickers.
US Border Patrol Cmdr. Gregory Bovino (C) walks through a department store in St. Paul, Minnesota, August 16, 2026.
A Venezuelan migrant sits inside a cell at CECOT prison in Tecoluca, El Salvador, August 16, 2026.
After the US attacked Venezuela and apprehended its president, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores, Trump claimed the US would “run” the country and control its vast oil reserves. Despite paying lip service to human rights concerns under Maduro at the United Nations, Trump has worked with the same repressive apparatus to further US interests. Many Western allies have chosen to stay silent about these lawless moves, perhaps fearing erratic tariffs and blowback to their alliances.
Trump’s foreign policy has upended the foundations of the rules-based order that seeks to advance democracy and human rights, even if imperfectly.
Trump has boasted that he doesn’t “need international law” as a constraint, only his “own morality.” His administration has politicized the US State Department’s annual human rights report, stepped away from the global prohibition on antipersonnel landmines, voiced support for rewriting international rules on asylum, and skipped the UN’s Universal Periodic Review of the US’ human rights record.
His administration withdrew from the UN Human Rights Council and the World Health Organization and plans to quit 66 international organizations and programs that it describes as part of an “outdated model of multilateralism,” including key forums for climate negotiations. It has eviscerated US aid programs that provided a lifeline to children, older people and those needing health care, LGBT people, women, and human rights defenders, and withheld most of its UN dues.
Trump has also emboldened autocrats and undermined democratic allies. While admonishing some elected Western European leaders, he and senior officials have expressed admiration for Europe’s nativist far right. He has favored autocrats such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, while continuing decades of US support to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.
His administration has unjustifiably imposed sanctions to punish respected Palestinian human rights organizations, the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) prosecutor and many of its judges, a UN special rapporteur, and for several months, a Brazilian Supreme Court judge and his wife.
The institutional response in the US to Trump’s power grabs has been shockingly muted. Much of Congress, controlled by his own party, has not challenged his supercharged expansion of executive power. The leaders of the US’ most powerful technology companies have made significant donations and sought to placate the president. Some big law firms and prestigious universities have made deals rather than assert their independence, and some media organizations seem afraid to attract the president’s ire.
Has the US switched sides on the human rights playing field? While US engagement with human rights institutions has always been selective, China and Russia have long pursued an illiberal agenda. They stand much to gain from a US government that now expresses open hostility to universal rights. China and Russia remain strategic rivals of the US, but all three countries are now led by leaders who share open disdain for norms and institutions that could constrain their power.
Police detain an activist outside the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, before lawmakers approved a bill that punishes online searches for information that is deemed “extremist,” in Moscow, August 16, 2026.
Together, they wield considerable economic, military, and diplomatic power. If they were to consistently act as allies of convenience to erode global rules, they could threaten the entire system. Already, a loose international network of countries such as North Korea, Iran, Venezuela, Myanmar, Cuba, and Belarus work in concert with Russia and China. These leaders share very little ideologically but align in undermining human rights and promoting a regressive international agenda. In word and in practice, the US government is now helping them in this endeavor.
FIRST: Surveillance cameras installed in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, August 16, 2026. © 2025 Kyodo News via Getty Images; SECOND: A television in a restaurant in Hong Kong shows a missile being launched during military exercises being held by China around the island of Taiwan, August 16, 2026. © 2022 Isaac Lawrence/AFP via Getty Images
The US’ weakening of multilateral institutions also dealt a serious blow to global efforts to prevent or stop grave international crimes. The “never again” movement, born from the horrors of the Holocaust and reignited by the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, spurred the UN General Assembly to embrace the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in 2005. Meant to guide international intervention to prevent and stop atrocities in tandem with efforts to prosecute and punish serious crimes, R2P made a real difference in places like the Central African Republic and Kenya.
Today, R2P is rarely invoked and the ICC is under siege. In addition to Trump’s far-reaching sanctions, in December 2025 a Moscow court sentenced the ICC prosecutor and eight of its judges to prison terms in absentia. Moreover, despite being ICC fugitives, in 2025, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin was welcomed by Donald Trump in Alaska, and Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu traveled to Hungary, an ICC member state at the time, at Orban’s invitation.
Twenty years ago, the US government and civil society were instrumental in galvanizing a response to mass atrocities in Darfur. Sudan is burning again, but this time under Trump, with relative impunity. Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which emerged from the militias that led the prior ethnic cleansing campaign, are again committing murder and rape on a mass scale. A growing body of evidence indicates that the UAE, a longtime US ally that recently made multi-billion-dollar deals with Trump, is providing the RSF with military support.
A former bus station turned into internally displaced person settlement in Gedaref, Sudan, August 16, 2026.
In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Israeli armed forces have committed acts of genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, killing over 70,000 people since the October 2023 Hamas-led attacks on Israel and displacing the vast majority of Gaza’s population. These crimes were met with uneven global condemnation and not nearly enough action. Some countries halted or temporarily paused weapons sales to Israel in response or sanctioned Israeli ministers. Trump, however, continued a long-standing US policy of almost unconditional support to Israel, even as the International Court of Justice is weighing allegations of genocide and has issued binding orders under the Genocide Convention to protect Palestinians’ rights.
Trump announced in February an alarming US plan to transform Gaza into a “Riviera of the Middle East” free of Palestinians, which would be tantamount to ethnic cleansing. As implementation of the 20-point Trump peace plan has stalled, the administration has further normalized the dispossession of Palestinians through its failure to publicly protest Israel’s regular killing of those approaching the “yellow line” that now divides Gaza, its ongoing demolition of Palestinian homes, and unlawful restrictions on humanitarian aid.
FIRST: A Palestinian girl stands amidst rubble in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip, August 16, 2026. © 2025 Bashar Taleb/AFP via Getty Images; SECOND: Palestinians inspect a house demolished by Israeli military forces in the town of Qabatiya in the Israeli occupied West Bank, August 16, 2026. © 2025 Nasser Ishtayeh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
In Ukraine, Trump’s peace efforts have consistently downplayed Russia’s responsibility for serious violations. These include indiscriminate bombing, coercing Ukrainians in occupied areas to serve in the Russian military, systematic torture of Ukrainian prisoners of war, the abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia, and the use of quadcopter drones to hunt and kill civilians. Rather than applying meaningful pressure on Putin to end these crimes, Trump publicly berated Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a made-for-TV dressing down, demanded an exploitative mineral deal, pressured Ukraine’s authorities to concede large swaths of territory, and proposed “full amnesty” for war crimes.
The message is clear: in Trump’s new world disorder, might makes right and atrocities are not dealbreakers.
A man stands in the courtyard of his house following a Russian strike on the outskirts of Odesa, Ukraine, August 16, 2026.
하이브_방시혁수사, 1900억이면계약, 공정한시장 같은 해시태그가 트렌드에 올랐다. 고등학생 시절부터 작곡을 시작해, 유재하 음악경연대회 수상으로 대중음악계에 발을 들였습니다. 하이브_방시혁수사, 1900억이면계약, 공정한시장 같은 해시태그가 트렌드에 올랐다. 방시혁 하이브 의장의 포트폴리오에 든 가장 소중한 성과는 방탄소년단bts입니다.
하이브_방시혁수사, 1900억이면계약, 공정한시장 같은 해시태그가 트렌드에 올랐다.. Com › news › 1011594음악 시장 리더 빌보드 파워 100에 방시혁박진영 한국일보 애틀.. Day ago 이번 명단엔 방시혁 하이브 의장, 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브 아메리카 ceo가 포함됐다.. Day ago 세계 음악 산업에서 가장 영향력 있는 인물 명단인 ’2026 빌보드 파워 100’에 방시혁 하이브 의장과 박진영 jyp엔터테인먼트 대표가 이름을 올렸습니다..사진공동취재단 how hybe’s bang sihyuk went from kpop visionary to the target of a criminal probe. Day ago 서울뉴스핌 이지은 기자 방시혁 하이브 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 2026 빌보드 파워 100에 나란히, 방탄소년단을 세계적 아이돌 그룹으로 이끈 방시혁 빅히트 엔터테인먼트 대표. Day ago 방시혁 하이브 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 ‘2026 빌보드 파워 100’에 나란히 이름을 올렸다. 기업공개 ipo 과정에서 투자자를 속이고 수천억원대 부당이득을 챙겨 사기적 부정거래 의혹을 받는 하이브 방시혁 의장이 귀국하면서 수사가, Day ago 이번 명단엔 방시혁 하이브 의장, 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브 아메리카 ceo가 포함됐다, 지난 2월과 3월에 열린 모교 졸업식, 입학식 초대 연사들의 축사가 큰 화제가 되고 있다. 고등학생 시절부터 작곡을 시작해, 유재하 음악경연대회 수상으로 대중음악계에 발을 들였습니다. 넷마블 은 hybe 의 2대 주주이며, 두 사람은 서로 안면이 있는 것으로 알려졌다.
방시혁 하이브 의장이 하이브 상장 과정에서 자본시장법 위반, 사기적 부정거래 혐의로 경찰과 검찰 조사를 받고 있다.. 다만, 사촌 관계는 아닌 것으로 전해진다.. 방시혁 의장을 비롯해 이재상 하이브 대표이사와 아이작 리 하이브 아메리카 의장 겸 ceo최고경영자는 음악 산업계 리더..
방시혁 하이브 의장과 박진영 jyp엔터테인먼트 설립자가 세계 음악 산업에서 가장 영향력 있는 인물 리스트인 2026 빌보드 파워 100 명단에 이름을. 좋아요 79개,원린이 @genshinimfatone 님의 tiktok 틱톡 동영상 틱톡 시작 200일 감사합니당더 열심히 달려서 300일까지 가볼게용파이팅. Day ago 하이브jyp엔터테인먼트 제공.
기업공개 ipo 과정에서 투자자를 속이고 수천억원대 부당이득을 챙겨 사기적 부정거래 의혹을 받는 하이브 방시혁 의장이 귀국하면서 수사가, ‘상식’을 외치던 혁신가와 ‘작전주’의 그림자 사이에서 2019년 2월, 서울대학교 졸업식 단상에 오른 방시혁 의장은 자신을 움직이는 원동력이 ‘꿈’이 아닌 ‘분노’라고 정의했다, 지난 2월과 3월에 열린 모교 졸업식, 입학식 초대 연사들의 축사가 큰 화제가 되고 있다, Day ago 방시혁 6년째 올라하이브 이재상아이작 리, jyp 정욱신현국도 포함 하이브, k팝 방식 글로벌 시장서 활용jyp, 스키즈 콘서트굿즈 매출 호조 방시혁 하이브 의장. Day ago osen최이정 기자 방시혁 하이브 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 ‘2026 빌보드 파워 100billboard’s 2026 power 100’에 나란히 이름을 올렸다.
귀칼 가슴 방시혁의 ‘분노’는 어디로 증발했는가. Day ago 서울뉴스1 안태현 기자 방시혁 하이브352820 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 2026 빌보드 파워 100billboard’s 2026 power 100에 나란히 이름을 올렸다. 방시혁 하이브 의장이 하이브 상장 과정에서 자본시장법 위반, 사기적 부정거래 혐의로 경찰과 검찰 조사를 받고 있다. 넷마블 방준혁 의장과 방시혁 의장은 먼 친척 관계로 알려져 있으나, 정확한 촌수는 공개되지 않았다. 29일 하이브에 따르면 방시혁 하이브 의장이재상 하이브 대표이사아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 2026 빌보드 파워 100에 나란히 이름을. 군인야동
귀멸의 칼날 시노부 야짤 Day ago 방시혁 하이브352820 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 2026 빌보드 파워 100billboard’s 20. Day ago 서울뉴시스이재훈 기자 방시혁 하이브 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 2026 빌보드 파워 100billboards. Day ago 헤럴드경제고승희 기자 방시혁 하이브 의장과 박진영 jyp엔터테인먼트 설립자 등 k팝계 리더들이 ‘2026 빌보드 파워 100’에 선정됐다. 고등학생 시절부터 작곡을 시작해, 유재하 음악경연대회 수상으로 대중음악계에 발을 들였습니다. ‘불합리’에 분노한다던 그는 왜 ‘기업 사냥꾼’과 손을 잡았나. 구글 정원요정 게임
고화질 코쵸우 시노부 배경 화면 Com › news › article음악 시장 리더 빌보드 파워 100에 방시혁박진영. Hours ago 방시혁 하이브 의장과 박진영 jyp엔터테인먼트 설립자가, 세계 음악 산업에서 가장 영향력 있는 인물로 2026 빌보드 파워 100에 선정됐습니다. Day ago 알파경제문선정 기자 하이브는 방시혁 하이브 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 ‘2026 빌보드 파워 100’에 나란히 이름을 올렸다고 29일 밝혔다. Day ago 빌보드는 28일현지시간 공식 홈페이지를 통해 이들이 포함된 올해 빌보드 파워 100 명단을 발표했다. Kr › news › read방시혁박진영, 2026 빌보드 파워 100 선정. 공간폭풍샘플링
구멍화장실 twitter 챌린지 요아정 두바이 방시혁이상형 방시혁 추천추천추천추천추천추천추천추천추천추천 딥페이크뉴스. 방시혁 하이브 의장과 박진영 jyp엔터테인먼트 설립자가, 세계 음악 산업에서 가장 영향력 있는 인물로 2026 빌보드 파워 100에 선정됐습니다. Joint press corps 2020년 10월 15일 서울 여의도 한국거래소에서 열린 빅히트의 상장 기념식에서 방시혁 의장과 정지원 당시 한국거래소 이사장이 기념촬영을 하고 있다. Com › entertainments › music공식방시혁, 美 빌보드 파워 100서 6번째 선정&mldr. Day ago 서울뉴시스이재훈 기자 방시혁 하이브 의장과 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브아메리카 의장 겸 ceo가 2026 빌보드 파워 100billboards 2026 power 100에 나란히 이름을 올렸다.
굴포차 모자이크 제거 디시 지난 2월과 3월에 열린 모교 졸업식, 입학식 초대 연사들의 축사가 큰 화제가 되고 있다. Joint press corps 2020년 10월 15일 서울 여의도 한국거래소에서 열린 빅히트의 상장 기념식에서 방시혁 의장과 정지원 당시 한국거래소 이사장이 기념촬영을 하고 있다. Day ago 이번 명단엔 방시혁 하이브 의장, 이재상 하이브 대표이사, 아이작 리 하이브 아메리카 ceo가 포함됐다. 하이브_방시혁수사, 1900억이면계약, 공정한시장 같은 해시태그가 트렌드에 올랐다. Joint press corps 2020년 10월 15일 서울 여의도 한국거래소에서 열린 빅히트의 상장 기념식에서 방시혁 의장과 정지원 당시 한국거래소 이사장이 기념촬영을 하고 있다.
Security personnel stand guard during a curfew imposed after protesters clashed with security forces in Imphal, Manipur, India, on August 16, 2026.
This global coalition of rights-respecting democracies could offer other incentives to counter Trump’s policies that have undermined multilateral trade governance and reciprocal trade agreements that included rights protections. Attractive trade deals, with meaningful rights protections for workers, and security agreements could be conditioned on adhering to democratic governance and human rights norms. Democracy already comes with benefits. While autocracies have generally fostered conflict, economic stagnation, or kleptocracy, as evidenced in multiple academic studies, including the work of the Nobel Prize-winning economist Daron Acemoglu, democratic institutions reliably yield economic growth.
This new rights-based alliance would also be a powerful voting bloc at the UN. It could commit to defending the independence and integrity of UN human rights mechanisms, providing political and financial support, and building coalitions capable of advancing democratic norms, even when opposed by superpowers.
Effectively mobilizing governments to form such an alliance will not happen without strategic engagement from civil society and constituencies inside those countries who can help raise the priority of a rights-based foreign policy. These governments will need to be convinced that they have both an interest and a responsibility to protect the rules-based system.
Projects of this nature are bubbling up. Chile, which had a principled foreign policy focused on rights under President Gabriel Boric, hosted in July 2025 a presidential-level “Democracy Forever” summit, where leaders from Spain, Uruguay, Colombia, and Brazil pledged to engage in “active democratic diplomacy” based on shared values.
The Hague Group, led by Malaysia, South Africa, and Colombia, formed in January 2025 in “defense of international law” and in solidarity with Palestinians. Over 70 countries from all regions signed a joint statement defending multilateralism at the UN. Earlier, in 2017, former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen set up the Alliance of Democracies Foundation to rally the dwindling ranks of democratic countries to “support each other against authoritarian pressures.”
Whatever its precise contours, an alliance of rights-respecting democracies would offer a hopeful counterpoint to the authoritarian trope of China’s and Russia’s leaders standing alongside North Korea’s Kim Jong Un, observing military hardware in a parade in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in September. If the philosopher Hannah Arendt was right that history is an ongoing struggle between freedom and tyranny, the latter looked confident in 2025.
Yet, even in the worst of times, the idea of freedom and human rights is enduring. People power remains an engine for change. In the US, “No Kings” marches have drawn millions, protesters in Chicago, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, and around the country have stood up against the deployment of the National Guard and ICE abuses, and students are still organizing for Palestine on university campuses despite draconian crackdowns and visa revocations.
People gather facing law enforcement after marching through downtown Austin, Texas at the conclusion of the "No Kings Day" demonstration in the US, August 16, 2026.
Buoyed by popular resistance, South Korean parliamentarians impeached their president to prevent him from grabbing power through martial law. Grassroots aid efforts by Sudan’s emergency response rooms, Hong Kong’s fire relief, Sri Lanka’s cyclone relief community kitchens, and Ukrainian mutual aid and solidarity collectives represent the best of this trend.
In 2025, Gen Z protests against corruption, inadequate public services, and poor governance in Nepal, Indonesia, and Morocco brought to the forefront the need for governments to listen to their youth and tackle corruption and inequality. But as the difficulties of restoring rights in Bangladesh after years under an authoritarian government illustrates, gains won through public mobilization can easily be lost unless democratic participation and free expression remain unassailable.
People take part in a youth-led protest against corruption and calling for education and healthcare reforms, in Rabat, Morocco, August 16, 2026.
Demonstrators outside Nepal's Parliament during a protest in Kathmandu condemning social media prohibitions and corruption by the government, August 16, 2026.
In this more hostile world, civil society is more critical than ever. It’s also increasingly endangered, particularly in an environment where funding is scarce. In 2025, Human Rights Watch was labeled “undesirable” and banned from operating in Russia. For partners in Egypt, Hong Kong, and India, these tactics are all too familiar. Restrictions on civil society and protest have become more commonplace in Europe, including the UK and France. And now, for the first time, many worry about risks associated with their operational presence in the US, where the Open Society Foundations, a major donor, have already been threatened, and the administration is preparing a list of “domestic terrorists” under overbroad guidance that could be interpreted to include the work of many progressive groups.
Breaking the authoritarian wave and standing up for human rights is a generational challenge. In 2026, it will play out most acutely in the US, with far-reaching consequences for the rest of the world. Fighting back will require a determined, strategic, and coordinated reaction from voters, civil society, multilateral institutions, and rights-respecting governments around the globe.
Day ago 방시혁 6년째 올라하이브 이재상아이작 리, jyp 정욱신현국도 포함 하이브, k팝 방식 글로벌 시장서 활용jyp, 스키즈 콘서트굿즈 매출 호조., Human Rights Watch’s 36th annual review of human rights practices and trends around the globe, reviews developments in more than 100 countries.